In a study of the effects of cognitive processing on distance estimation, participants were blindfolded and led by the experimenter along one of two predetermined routes inside the psychology building. One route was straight and the other route had several turns. During the trip, some participants listened to an audiotape of words and attempted to shadow them (i.e., repeat each word after it is presented), Other participants listened to the tape with the expectation that they would have to recall the words later. A final group of participants had no additional cognitive activity during the trip. At the end of the trip, the participants were unblindfolded and given a map of the psychology building. The participants were then asked to draw the route they had taken on the map. The accuracy of the route was used to indicate the estimate of distance.